Can Ayahuasca cause a psychotic break?
Today, we're going to delve into a topic that has sparked numerous debates in the realm of psychedelics: can Ayahuasca cause a psychotic break, or even prolonged psychosis? We'll explore what science has to say about this, looking at both sides of the argument. The short answer is; it’s complicated. Keep in mind, nothing in this article constitutes medical advice, or scientific certainty. There is a lot that we just don’t know, and caution is recommended. Let's dive in!
Ayahuasca and the Brain: A Complex Dance
Ayahuasca, a plant-based brew native to the Amazon region, has been used for centuries in indigenous cultures for its profound spiritual and cultural significance1. But like any powerful substance, it comes not just with rewards, like reaching an oracle on the misty mountaintop; but with risks as well.
One of the concerns raised is the potential for Ayahuasca to cause a psychotic break — a sudden disruption of one's perception of reality that can result in delusions, hallucinations, (not the kind you might want from Ayahuasca) or severely disordered, paranoid, or manic thinking2.
The Research on Ayahuasca and Psychosis
Scientific research on Ayahuasca and psychosis is still in its early stages, but some studies suggest there may be a link. For instance, a systematic review of human studies found instances where Ayahuasca intake was associated with a psychotic episode3. Similarly, another study reported a case of a patient who had a psychotic episode after taking Ayahuasca4.
However, it's essential to note that these instances are relatively rare. In another study examining the consumption of Ayahuasca and cannabis, it was found that only 0.052-0.096% of cases might have resulted in a psychotic episode5.
Factors That May Influence the Risk
Several factors might increase the risk of a psychotic break following Ayahuasca consumption. The largest of these includes pre-existing mental health conditions, particularly those involving psychosis6. Moreover, the setting in which Ayahuasca is consumed and the presence (or absence) of experienced guides can also play significant roles.
Retreat and group settings play a crucial part in the Ayahuasca experience. Inappropriate settings that lack proper compassionate care and support can heighten the risk of adverse psychological effects. For instance, consuming Ayahuasca in a stressful or unfamiliar environment can trigger anxiety and fear, potentially leading to a psychotic break7.
The presence of trained and experienced guides during an Ayahuasca ceremony can greatly mitigate these risks. Guides can provide reassurance, create a safe and serene atmosphere, and effectively manage unexpected reactions8. Unfortunately, not all retreats or groups offer the required level of care and support, leaving participants vulnerable to negative experiences.
The individual's mindset—or 'set'—is another significant factor. The mindset refers to the individual's emotional and psychological state at and around the time of consuming Ayahuasca. Those harboring fear, anxiety, or unresolved emotional issues may be more likely to experience a psychotic break. Conversely, approaching the experience with an open, prepared mind can enhance the positive effects of Ayahuasca, reducing the likelihood of adverse reactions. Therefore, mindful preparation, including mental and emotional grounding exercises, can be beneficial prior to Ayahuasca intake.
Balancing the Risks and Benefits
While the potential for Ayahuasca to cause a psychotic break should not be dismissed lightly, it's also important to consider the potential benefits. Many people report profound spiritual experiences and psychological insights from Ayahuasca ceremonies7. Some research even suggests that Ayahuasca could have therapeutic potentials against various diseases8.
However, these potential benefits highlight ideal outcomes, not guaranteed outcomes. Anyone with concerns about their own predisposition to psychiatric conditions, or uncertain of their own family or genetic history should speak with a qualified doctor before choosing to drink Ayahuasca, and ensure that they have adequate supports around them.
If you want to know how to stay safe with Ayahuasca using the 7 Layers of Safety Approach, check out the Ayahuasca Explorer's Guide.
In Conclusion: Awareness and Respect Are Key
So, can Ayahuasca cause a psychotic break? The answer is yes, it can — but such instances appear to be quite rare. Nevertheless, it's crucial to approach Ayahuasca (and all psychedelics) with respect and awareness of the potential risks. Planning for space and time before and after an experience will allow room for integration, and ensuring we don’t have any urgent responsibilities or obligations will help to relieve stress.
If you're considering participating in an Ayahuasca ceremony, do your homework. Understand your own mental health history, and that of your family, and ensure you're in a safe, supportive environment guided by experienced practitioners. As well, consider what type of retreat or ceremony setting will be supportive of your intentions, or which may be too strenuous in their dietary or treatment regimes.
It's our mission here at The Psychedelic Knapsack to arm you with the information you need to navigate the world of psychedelics safely and responsibly. Check out our courses in the ‘Education’ tab, or follow along on YouTube.